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PEN Principle #1

Written Text and Spoken Word don't Mix

PEN Principle #2

Visual Images and Spoken Word Mix Well

 

PEN Principle #3

Spatial Predictability Guides Attention

 

PEN Principle #4

Spacing-Out Practice Enhances Memory

PEN Principle #5

Leverage Context According to Outcome

PEN Principle #6

Multitasking Impairs Memory & Learning

PEN Principle #7

Mix-Up Practice Tasks to Boost Performance

Science of Learning Research Centre · PEN Principle #7 Mix-Up Practice Tasks to Boost Performance

PEN Principle #8

Embrace Error to Improve Learning

PEN Principle #9

Active Recall Trumps Passive Review

PEN Principle #10

First Impressions Colour Future Judgement

PEN Principle #11

Find the Story Behind the Facts

PEN Principle #12

Pre-Activate Strategies to Guide Learning